Villanueva–Alcantara Connection Raises Broader Questions in Flood Control Scandal

A recently surfaced video linking Senator Joel Villanueva to district engineer Henry Alcantara adds another layer to the ongoing flood control controversy. While the senator may deny any direct involvement, previous encounters between the two raise questions about the extent of political and bureaucratic networks surrounding questionable infrastructure projects.

The key implication is that accountability should not rest solely on contractors. District engineers and their political counterparts also play pivotal roles in how projects are approved, funded, and monitored. Even if they are not visibly at the forefront, their influence can shape outcomes and potentially shield irregular practices.

This development underscores the need to expand the scope of scrutiny. Probing the connections between contractors, engineers, and political figures could provide a clearer picture of how anomalies persist in public works. Ensuring transparency, accountability, and stronger oversight will be crucial steps in restoring public confidence and safeguarding the integrity of government projects.

 

Panagrama: A Sustainable Fishing Strategy of the Kankanaey Cultural Communities in the Lower Amburayan River

by Ms. Desiree A. Vilar

Abstract

This report discusses the presentation Panagrama: A Sustainable Fishing Strategy of the Kankanaey Cultural Communities in the Lower Amburayan River by Ms. Desiree A. Vilar. The study highlights the traditional fishing method of panagrama, a practice that has allowed the community to sustain its livelihood through the Amburayan River. Extending across Benguet, Ilocos Sur, and La Union, the river has long provided food and livelihood to surrounding communities. Unlike modern fishing methods, panagrama reflects a sustainable and heritage-rooted practice that emphasizes community cooperation and respect for natural resources. The report underscores the importance of preserving both the Amburayan River and the cultural traditions tied to it for future generations.

Introduction

Fishing has always been an integral livelihood for riverine communities in Northern Luzon. The presentation Panagrama: A Sustainable Fishing Strategy of the Kankanaey Cultural Communities in the Lower Amburayan River by Ms. Desiree A. Vilar focused on the cultural and ecological significance of panagrama, a traditional fishing practice. This method has not only sustained the survival of the Kankanaey people across generations but also exemplified the deep connection between culture, livelihood, and the natural environment.

Discussion

The Amburayan River, stretching from Benguet down to Ilocos Sur and La Union, has historically been a vital resource for the surrounding communities. It has served as a primary source of fish and other aquatic resources that supported both subsistence and cultural identity.

The practice of panagrama involves arranging stones and other natural materials in strategic formations within the river to guide fish into a contained area, making harvesting more efficient. While modern fishing techniques can produce faster results, panagrama remains significant because it reflects sustainability, community participation, and cultural continuity.

A key feature of panagrama is its communal nature. The process requires cooperation, patience, and shared effort, values deeply rooted in indigenous culture. One reflection from the community stressed that “panagrama is not only about catching fish, but also about remembering how our ancestors lived and survived.” This highlights how fishing, when practiced traditionally, becomes more than a livelihood—it becomes a cultural act of remembrance and resilience.

Furthermore, the presentation emphasized that while new technologies promise efficiency, they sometimes contribute to overfishing and ecological imbalance. In contrast, panagrama represents a sustainable model that allows communities to take only what they need, while respecting the river as a life-giving resource. This balance between human activity and environmental care provides an important lesson for present and future generations.

Conclusion

The presentation demonstrated that panagrama is not merely a fishing strategy but a cultural heritage practice that embodies sustainability, cooperation, and respect for nature. The Amburayan River, as the lifeblood of many communities, must be preserved not only as an ecological resource but also as a living heritage site. Protecting this river ensures that future generations may continue to benefit from it, both materially and culturally.

Recommendations

To safeguard panagrama and the Amburayan River, the following measures are recommended:

1. Environmental Preservation – Implement river conservation programs to protect water quality and biodiversity.

2. Cultural Documentation – Record and archive the methods and stories of panagrama for educational and cultural purposes.

3. Community Engagement – Strengthen awareness programs that highlight panagrama as a model of sustainable livelihood.

4. Integration with Tourism and Education – Promote panagrama as part of cultural heritage tourism and incorporate it into local school curricula to foster pride and knowledge among younger generations.

Through these initiatives, panagrama can continue to thrive as both a sustainable livelihood practice and a cultural legacy of the Kankanaey people along the Amburayan River.

 Dandaniw ti Kailokuan: Transcriptions of Unfamiliar Ilocano Folk Songs
by Mr. Renan N. Flores

Abstract

This article examines the presentation Dandaniw ti Kailokuan: Transcriptions of Unfamiliar Ilocano Folk Songs by Mr. Renan N. Flores, which highlights the richness of Ilocano musical heritage through the discovery and transcription of lesser-known folk songs. The study emphasizes the distinct sound, lyrical techniques, and cultural themes embedded in these songs, which convey love, diligence, and resilience. Reflections from participants demonstrate how such songs foster intergenerational connections, inspire pride in cultural identity, and remain relevant to contemporary audiences. The report underscores the importance of preserving and promoting these songs as integral to sustaining Ilocano culture, arts, and heritage. Recommendations are provided to strengthen cultural appreciation, education, and preservation efforts.

Introduction

One of the significant cultural presentations was Dandaniw ti Kailokuan: Transcriptions of Unfamiliar Ilocano Folk Songs by Mr. Renan N. Flores. This study shed light on the rich musical heritage of the Ilocano people by documenting and transcribing folk songs that are not widely known yet hold great cultural value. The presentation emphasized the distinctiveness of Ilocano music, particularly its unique sound, lyrical technique, and the ability to maintain catchy yet meaningful melodies.

Discussion

Ilocano folk songs serve as more than just forms of entertainment. They are vessels of cultural expression, encapsulating the sentiments, values, and daily experiences of the community. As Flores demonstrated, these songs often depict themes of love for another person, passion and diligence in work, as well as resilience in facing the adversities of life.

For example, some participants reflected that hearing these unfamiliar Ilocano folk songs made them feel connected to the experiences of their elders. Feels like “listening to the songs felt like experiencing the emotions of my grandparents’ generation through music.” This reflection demonstrates how folk songs can transmit values of affection and familial love across generations.

The songs also portray the Ilocano character of hard work and perseverance. A community member reflected that “these songs remind us of the values of hard work and resilience. In our daily struggles, the melodies and words reflect who we are as Ilocanos—strong, enduring, and hopeful.” Such responses show how these songs continue to inspire strength in contemporary life.

Even among the youth, Ilocano folk songs are capable of fostering renewed interest in heritage. Participants observed, “at first, I thought folk songs were old-fashioned. But when I listened to the Ilocano tunes, I realized they are catchy and meaningful. They can still connect with us today if given the chance.” This illustrates that folk music, when rediscovered and promoted, can appeal to younger generations and strengthen cultural pride.

These reflections affirm that unfamiliar Ilocano folk songs are not only artistic expressions but also living testimonies of the Ilocano spirit. Their discovery, transcription, and promotion are essential in ensuring that these cultural treasures remain relevant and accessible.

Conclusion

The presentation underscored the vital role of Ilocano folk songs in nurturing cultural identity, social values, and artistic expression. As vehicles of love, resilience, and devotion to work, these songs embody the enduring spirit of the Ilocano people. Preserving them is crucial in strengthening community pride and transmitting cultural heritage to future generations.

Recommendations

In light of the discussion, the following are recommended:

Foster Cultural Appreciation – Encourage younger generations to value and practice Ilocano traditions through music.

Strengthen Arts and Heritage Education – Integrate Ilocano folk songs into schools, cultural festivals, and community programs.

Preserve Oral Traditions – Document and archive songs before they are forgotten due to generational changes.

Promote Cultural Pride – Showcase Ilocano songs in national and international platforms, positioning them as vital contributions to Philippine heritage.

By doing so, Ilocano folk songs can continue to inspire not only as art forms but also as living testimonies of love, hard work, and resilience deeply rooted in the Ilocano way of life.

Indigenous Soft Broom and Traditional Iloko Basi Production in La Union

Introduction

The second day of the cultural research presentations provided valuable insights into two traditional industries of La Union that embody both the heritage and livelihood of local communities. These were Indigenous Soft Broom Production in La Union presented by Dr. Cristita G. Guerra and Traditional Iloko Basi Production in Naguilian, La Union delivered by Dr. Jayson O. Madayag. Both topics examined the cultural significance, economic contributions, and current challenges faced by these products, which have long been identified as symbols of Ilocano tradition and resilience.

Discussion
Traditional Iloko Basi Production

The basi industry in Naguilian is one of the most historically important economic and cultural enterprises in La Union. Known for its distinctive flavor and cultural identity, basi has been part of Ilocano tradition for centuries. However, the presentation highlighted that the industry is facing serious challenges, particularly in production and market accessibility. The number of producers has significantly declined, and there is a lack of sustained demand in the market. This decline threatens not only the economic viability of basi but also its cultural continuity as an iconic Ilocano product. Without intervention, the industry may continue to diminish, thereby eroding an essential aspect of local heritage.

Indigenous Soft Broom Production

Equally significant is the indigenous soft broom industry, which thrives in the upland municipalities of Burgos, Bagulin, San Gabriel, Santol, and Sudipen. These towns benefit from the cultivation of tiger grass, the primary raw material in broom-making. Despite its wide production in La Union, the soft broom industry faces the issue of mislabeling and misrepresentation. Products are frequently marketed under the name of a more popular city, giving outsiders the credit and recognition that rightfully belong to La Union’s producers. This has diminished the visibility of the true origins of the product, thereby undermining the economic recognition and livelihood of local farmers and craftsmen.

The discussion stressed the importance of addressing these concerns through institutional support, fair trade practices, and proper recognition of origin. Furthermore, marketing strategies, geographical branding, and sustainable production practices could revitalize these industries, ensuring that both basi and soft brooms regain their rightful place in the local and national markets.

Conclusion

The presentations on indigenous soft broom and traditional Iloko basi production revealed the pressing challenges faced by these industries in La Union. Both serve as living testaments to the cultural heritage and resourcefulness of Ilocano communities, yet they struggle with market limitations, declining production, and issues of identity and recognition. These findings underscore the urgent need for interventions aimed at cultural preservation, economic sustainability, and fair recognition. By addressing these concerns, the people of La Union can safeguard not only their cultural heritage but also strengthen community livelihoods and foster pride in their local industries.

Recommendations

In light of the issues presented, the following recommendations are proposed:

Government and Institutional Support

Provide financial assistance, subsidies, and livelihood programs to support small-scale producers of basi and soft brooms.

Encourage research and development to improve production techniques and sustainability.

Marketing and Branding Initiatives

Establish a geographical branding system (e.g., “La Union Basi” and “La Union Soft Broom”) to protect product identity and prevent misrepresentation.

Strengthen promotional campaigns that highlight these products as unique cultural icons of La Union.

Capacity Building and Training

Organize training workshops for local producers on quality control, product packaging, and marketing strategies.

Introduce business development programs to enhance competitiveness in both local and global markets.

Cultural Preservation and Tourism Integration

Incorporate basi production sites and soft broom workshops into local tourism circuits to raise awareness and appreciation among visitors.

Promote these industries during cultural festivals, trade fairs, and heritage events to increase visibility.

Partnership and Collaboration

Foster partnerships between government agencies, educational institutions, cooperatives, and private enterprises to support product innovation and market access.

Encourage community-based cooperatives that will ensure fair trade and equitable sharing of profits among local producers.

Through these measures, both the basi and soft broom industries can be revitalized, ensuring that they continue to serve as sources of livelihood while preserving the cultural heritage of La Union.


Text: Airwind Bautista

 Interface of Iloko: Igorot Cultures in La Union by Mr. Farland D. Valera

The research presentation on indigenous communities provided meaningful insights, especially for those of us who identify with the IP community. It offered a deeper appreciation of our origins and the ways our ancestors lived, particularly in relation to trade and commerce. Towns such as Naguilian, Balaoan, Darigayos, Luna, and Bangar were identified as important trade centers where fruits and vegetables were exchanged for dogs used in hunting, as well as for salt, which was an essential element in food preparation.

While the history of indigenous peoples may sometimes be regarded as controversial, the greater significance lies in recognizing how these practices and traditions shaped who we are today. The resourcefulness and contributions of our ancestors continue to define our identity and remind us that honoring their legacy is vital in understanding ourselves and our place in society

Text by: Airwind Bautista

 The Iloko Code in the Province of La Union

Dr. Marciel M. Fronda

The presentation underscored the importance of preserving the Iloko language amid the growing trend of young people being more fluent in English and Filipino than in their native dialect. While proficiency in other languages is valuable, the decline in Iloko communication reflects a weakening of cultural identity.

The Iloko Code serves as a framework to safeguard the use of Iloko in daily life. An example of its practice is the Ayat Festival of La Union, which showcases Iloko culture and traditions, providing avenues for the youth to engage with their heritage.

Dr. Fronda emphasized that preserving Iloko is both a cultural and social responsibility. Passing on the dialect to future generations ensures the continuity of Ilokano identity and strengthens community pride.

Text: Airwind Bautista

Center for Kapampangan Studies (CKS)

Overview
The Center for Kapampangan Studies (CKS), established in 2001 at Holy Angel University in Angeles City, serves as a hub for the preservation, promotion, and study of Kapampangan culture, language, and heritage. It integrates museum spaces, archival collections, publications, and media outreach to sustain cultural identity in the region.

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Best Practices

1. Publications

   • Produces Singsing Magazine, Alaya Research Journal, and Indung Ibatan (Kapampangan-language magazine).

   • Balances scholarly research with materials accessible to the public.

2. Digital & Language Tools

   • Developed the Bergano Dictionary mobile app.

   • Offers a Kulitan (ancient script) digital translator and Wiki Translator project.

   • Uses modern technology for language revitalization.

3. Museums & Archives

   • Maintains the Pinatubo Museum, Museum of Kapampangan Arts, and John A. Larkin Library.

   • Houses special collections such as the Ambeth Ocampo Filipiniana archive.

   • Preserves cultural memory through accessible exhibits and rare archives.

4. Films & Media Outreach

   • Produced acclaimed films like Ari: My Life with a King and Manoro.

   • Runs TV and radio programs that highlight Kapampangan culture and identity.

   • Uses media as an educational and advocacy platform.

5. Community Engagement

   • Organizes the annual Piestang Tugak (Frog Festival) to revive traditional practices.

   • Conducts field research and oral history documentation with locals.

   • Promotes grassroots involvement in cultural preservation.

6. Institutional Support

   • Supported by Holy Angel University, ensuring stability and sustainability.

   • Serves as a model for other provinces aiming to establish cultural centers.

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Recommendations for Other Localities

1. Establish Local Cultural Centers

   • Partner with academic institutions or LGUs to create sustainable hubs for research, exhibits, and archives.

2. Promote Language Revitalization

   • Digitize local dictionaries, scripts, and oral literature.

   • Develop apps, translators, or interactive tools to make local languages more accessible.

3. Integrate Media and Arts

   • Produce films, radio shows, and community-based publications that highlight heritage.

   • Encourage local artists to showcase their work through cultural programs.

4. Engage the Community

   • Host festivals and cultural events tied to local traditions.

   • Document oral histories and promote participation of elders and youth.

5. Leverage Institutional Support

   • Involve schools, universities, and NGOs in funding and sustaining cultural initiatives.

   • Build partnerships to ensure long-term continuity beyond political terms.

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Conclusion
The Center for Kapampangan Studies exemplifies how culture, arts, and heritage can be preserved through a holistic approach combining research, innovation, media, and grassroots participation. By adapting these best practices, other localities can establish similar cultural institutions that strengthen identity, instill pride, and pass on heritage to future generations.

 

Indonesia in Turmoil: Protests Against Government

JAKARTA, Indonesia — Indonesia is experiencing large protests across many cities. What started as anger over lawmakers’ big housing allowances has grown into a national movement about the economy, politics, and democracy.

Why People Are Angry

The main reason people began protesting was when they learned that members of parliament get 50 million rupiah (around US $3,000) every month for housing. This is almost ten times the minimum wage in Jakarta. Many Indonesians, already struggling with high prices, job losses, and fewer government services, saw this as unfair.

Other reasons for anger include:

• Thousands of factory workers lost their jobs this year.

• Prices of basic needs keep going up.

• The government cut budgets for schools and infrastructure.

• President Prabowo’s coalition controls most of parliament, raising fears of weak oversight.

Escalation of Protests

Tensions grew after the death of 21-year-old motorbike driver Affan Kurniawan, who was reportedly hit by a police vehicle during protests. His death became a symbol of anger against the government and police.

Since then, demonstrations have spread nationwide. In some cities, government buildings were burned. Police responded with tear gas, rubber bullets, and mass arrests, leading to more injuries and deaths. Human rights groups criticized the harsh response.

Effects on Politics and Economy

This unrest is the biggest challenge for President Prabowo since he took office less than a year ago. The government tried to calm people by cutting lawmakers’ perks, but the public remains unhappy.

The protests also affect the economy. Investors are moving money to safer countries like Vietnam and Thailand. Indonesia’s debt is also rising, which adds to the pressure.

Impact on Tourism

Tourism, one of Indonesia’s main industries, is also at risk. Other countries have warned their citizens not to travel to areas with protests, including Jakarta and Papua. This may reduce visitors to famous places like Bali and Yogyakarta.

Concerns for Peace and Democracy

The government’s use of the military and arrests of activists has worried many people who fear the country is moving back to authoritarian practices. The United Nations and human rights groups are calling for the government to listen to the people instead of using force.

What’s Next?

The protests show that many Indonesians are unhappy with inequality, poor governance, and lack of trust in leaders. How the government responds will decide if Indonesia can return to stability or if unrest will continue and harm the economy and democracy.

Right now, the country is at a turning point, with its peace and international reputation at stake.

 Chel Diokno Exposes ₱30-Million Campaign Donation from Sorsogon Contractor to Chiz Escudero

Manila, Philippines — What was supposed to be a routine hearing on government flood control projects turned into a dramatic revelation yesterday after Akbayan Party-list Rep. Chel Diokno extracted a damaging admission from Sorsogon’s top flood control contractor, Lawrence Lubiano—longtime ally of Senator Francis “Chiz” Escudero.

Diokno, a veteran lawyer and human rights defender, displayed his trademark calm and methodical questioning during the House inquiry. Without resorting to theatrics or intimidation, the legislator carefully led Lubiano through a series of questions about his business dealings and political connections before going straight to the core issue: political contributions.

When asked if he had donated to any candidate in the past two election cycles (2022 and 2025), Lubiano openly admitted that he had made contributions—specifically to Senator Escudero. Pressed further, he disclosed that the amount totaled ₱30 million.

The exchange was straightforward but potentially explosive:

• Diokno: “In the last two cycles of elections, kayo po ba ay nagbigay ng donasyon sa sinuman na kumandidato whether local or national?”

• Lubiano: “Yes po, your honor.”

• Diokno: “Kanino po yon?”

• Lubiano: “Kay Senator Chiz po.”

• Diokno: “And more or less magkano po daw ang inyong na-donate sa kampanya ni Senator Chiz?”

• Lubiano: “30 million po, your honor.”

Lubiano tried to clarify that his donation was a “personal” contribution and not connected to his role as a contractor. However, Diokno had already secured the key admission: Lubiano has held government contracts since 2009, meaning that the donation could fall squarely within the prohibition set by law.

Under Article XI, Section 95(c) of the Omnibus Election Code, contractors and suppliers with active government contracts are barred from making campaign contributions. If proven, Escudero could face disqualification from office for accepting such a donation.

The revelation underscores the importance of rigorous but fair questioning in legislative investigations. For observers, the moment highlighted a stark contrast to the usual spectacle of grandstanding in congressional hearings.

“Kids, this is how hearings should be conducted,” one political analyst remarked. “Let the professionals with integrity ask the right questions, and the truth will surface without the circus.”

For now, Escudero has yet to issue a statement regarding the ₱30-million contribution. But the admission, made under oath, has set the stage for possible legal action—placing both the contractor and the senator under intense scrutiny.

 

Escudero’s ₱30-Million Campaign Donation Sparks Questions on Election Law Integrity

MANILA, Philippines — Senator Francis “Chiz” Escudero is under heightened scrutiny following revelations that his 2022 campaign allegedly received a ₱30-million donation from a government contractor, raising concerns over the enforcement of the country’s campaign finance laws.

The donation came from Lawrence Lubiano, president of Centerways Construction and Development Inc., a company involved in multimillion-peso flood-control projects. Lubiano admitted that he made the contribution in his personal capacity and not through the firm. Escudero, for his part, asserted that the donation was properly declared in his Statement of Contributions and Expenditures (SOCE).

Legal Prohibition

Under Section 95(c) of the Omnibus Election Code, government contractors are prohibited from donating to political campaigns. The law applies to both corporations and individuals with active government contracts, regardless of whether the funds came from personal or corporate resources.

Election watchdogs emphasize that this prohibition aims to prevent conflicts of interest and to ensure public projects are not used as leverage for political influence. Legal experts argue that even donations made with personal funds could still fall under the prohibition if the donor is a government contractor.

Investigation Underway

The Commission on Elections (Comelec) confirmed that its Political Finance and Affairs Department is reviewing campaign records from the 2022 polls. Chairman George Erwin Garcia revealed that as many as 31 government contractors have been flagged as possible donors during the period.

Contractors proven to have violated the law may face penalties, including one to six years of imprisonment, disqualification from public office, and sanctions against their firms. However, the issue of whether candidates who accepted such donations should also be held liable remains legally unsettled.

Broader Implications

The controversy has reignited calls for stronger enforcement of election laws and greater transparency in campaign financing. Critics point out that while prohibitions are clearly stated in the Election Code, accountability is often weak or selective.

Some political commentators have urged an independent probe to ensure impartiality, warning that investigations influenced by politics could erode public trust further.

A Test of Political Will

Escudero insists that his campaign acted within the bounds of the law. For now, Comelec continues its review, with many observers noting that the case could become a litmus test of whether Philippine election authorities can enforce campaign finance rules consistently — even against high-profile figures.

 Star Realms Entertainment Production: Redefining Male Pageantry and Conquering the Global Stage

In the glittering world of pageantry, women have long dominated the spotlight. But in recent years, a quiet revolution has been unfolding—one where men are no longer just bystanders but powerful ambassadors of culture, advocacy, and pride. At the heart of this movement in the Philippines is Star Realms Entertainment Production, the company behind the national male competition Man of the Philippines.

Founded in 2018 by visionary producer Gilbert Espiritu, Star Realms has made it its mission to transform the way Filipinos see male pageants. For Espiritu, the stage is not just about physique and good looks—it’s about integrity, advocacy, and nationalism.

Breaking the Mold

The 2024 edition of Man of the Philippines proved to be a game-changer. Instead of a single coronation night, the competition unfolded as a 10-day reality series filmed at Forest Crest Nature Hotel and Resort in Nasugbu, Batangas.

Seventeen aspirants lived under one roof, facing challenges that tested their character, discipline, and drive. Beyond their physiques, the men had to reveal their personal stories, advocacies, and values. The experiment paid off—audiences connected with the candidates on a deeper, more human level.

When the dust settled, it was Jupheter Franco, a licensed mechanical engineer from General Santos City, who emerged as champion. More than just a titleholder, Franco became the face of a new kind of male pageant—one that celebrates both strength and substance.

Conquering the International Arena

Star Realms’ impact doesn’t stop at home. In just a few years, its winners have gone on to claim major international crowns, bringing pride to the Philippines.

In 2023, Richard Rey Gomez of Biñan, Laguna, won Mister Altitude World in Bangkok, Thailand. Aside from the main crown, he also bagged special awards like Best in National Costume and Media’s Choice. That competition later evolved into the prestigious Mister Continental World.

A year later, in 2024, Jupheter Franco continued the winning streak. Traveling to Pattaya, Thailand, he bested contestants from across the globe to become the first-ever Mister Continental World, cementing a back-to-back victory for the Philippines.

Two consecutive international titles in such a short span is no small feat—it’s a testament to Star Realms’ careful grooming of winners who can shine not only on stage but also as global ambassadors.

The Bigger Picture

Star Realms Entertainment Production isn’t just producing a pageant—it’s creating a movement. By blending the thrill of reality TV with the prestige of international competition, the company has carved out a space where Filipino men can shine beyond stereotypes.

As Gilbert Espiritu and his team continue to innovate, one thing is clear: Man of the Philippines is no longer just a pageant. It’s a platform for modern Filipino men to tell their stories, champion causes, and inspire pride on the world stage.

And with back-to-back international wins already in its crown, Star Realms is only just getting started.

This September, Lance David Tepora will carry the flag as Man of the Philippines in the WFS World Fitness Supermodel 2025 in Thailand.

 

The Relevance of Pageantry in Philippine Festivals

Pageantry in the Philippines has always been more than a showcase of beauty. It is a cultural tradition deeply embedded in the nation’s identity, often tied to festivities that highlight community spirit, heritage, and faith.

A Brief History of Pageantry in the Philippines

The origins of pageantry in the country can be traced back to the Spanish colonial era. During town fiestas, which were celebrated in honor of patron saints, young women were chosen as “reinas” or festival queens. They embodied beauty, purity, and devotion, often leading processions and ceremonies. Over the years, these practices evolved into barangay, municipal, and provincial pageants, where candidates were judged not only on their appearance but also on talent, intelligence, and charm.

By the mid-20th century, pageantry became a national phenomenon. The establishment of Binibining Pilipinas in 1964 elevated the Philippines into the global pageant arena. Since then, Filipina queens have brought pride to the nation by winning international titles, including Miss Universe, Miss World, Miss International, Miss Earth, and Miss Supranational. Today, pageants are not just celebrations of beauty but also platforms for advocacy, leadership, and cultural expression.

The Role of Pageantry in Festivities

Pageants play significant roles across different levels of society, especially when held as part of festivals:

• In Schools and Classrooms – Pageants encourage confidence, self-expression, and teamwork among the youth, while nurturing a sense of friendly competition.

• In Barangays – Local pageants serve as highlights of fiestas, bringing together residents to cheer for their representatives and strengthening community bonds.

• In Provinces and Regions – Candidates showcase traditional attire, dances, and heritage, effectively promoting local culture and tourism.

• On the National Stage – Winners represent not just themselves but the entire country, embodying Filipino pride, talent, and resilience before the world.

Why Festivals Need Pageants

In a country where festivals are celebrated with fervor, pageants remain an essential element for several reasons:

1. Cultural Pride – Queens serve as symbols of identity, wearing costumes inspired by history and tradition.

2. Tourism Promotion – Festival pageants attract visitors and media attention, highlighting the creativity of local designers and artisans.

3. Community Unity – They serve as events where people gather in celebration, setting aside differences to support their candidates.

4. Youth Empowerment – Pageants provide platforms for young women and men to gain leadership experience, hone communication skills, and develop advocacies.

5. Beauty with Purpose – Modern pageants emphasize substance over surface, encouraging queens to champion education, environment, and social causes.

Celebrating Pageantry Without Breaking the Budget

While pageants are often associated with grandeur, they can be celebrated meaningfully without excessive costs:

• Prioritize simplicity and creativity over extravagant production.

• Use local materials and talents, highlighting resourcefulness and sustainability.

• Partner with community sponsors, offering in-kind prizes rather than large cash incentives.

• Focus on talent, advocacy, and cultural presentations instead of expensive gowns.

• Ensure inclusive participation, allowing representatives from schools or barangays to join and share the stage.

Pageantry remains a vibrant tradition in Philippine festivals because it is more than a competition — it is a celebration of beauty, culture, and community spirit. Whether held in classrooms, barangays, provinces, or on the national stage, pageants uplift the pride of the people they represent. When approached with creativity, inclusivity, and a sense of purpose, pageantry continues to shine as a meaningful element of every Filipino festivity, proving that true celebration does not depend on extravagance but on unity and heart.

 

The 7 Faces of Toxicity in Pageantry: A Journalistic Editorial

Pageants once symbolized empowerment, cultural representation, and advocacy. Today, however, the spotlight often reveals a disheartening reality: a culture of toxicity that shadows crowns and stages. Here are the seven faces of toxicity in pageantry, illuminated by voices from within.

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1. Cyberbullying and Online Bashing

Social media has become a battleground where grace is met with hate.

 Following her victory as Miss Universe Philippines in Bb. Pilipinas 2015 (leading to her Miss Universe crown), Pia Wurtzbach encountered online criticism—some of it harsh, including remarks about her heritage and body—for instance, calling her “fat” or questioning her full-Filipino identity 

She later acknowledged being affected by such negative comments, even though she tried not to take them to heart:

“Pero siyempre nakaka-affect … I try not to read anything online … minsan kasi naka-tag ako."

Catriona Gray, Miss Universe 2018, who experienced relentless online negativity, warns:

“So many use social media as a consequence-free way to attack, put down and degrade others... It is never okay to degrade someone to harass them in the name of sharing your opinion.”
And she reminds us: “WORDS HAVE POWER. To both put down and pull up. I hope we would choose the latter.”

2. Fan Wars and Toxic Fandom

Support should uplift—but too often devolves into rivalry. The Miss Universe Philippines organization issued a stark warning: they may take legal action against cyberbullying and toxic fan behavior, urging the public to “stop normalizing toxicity and cyberbullying on social media”

3. Unrealistic Beauty Standards

Despite strides toward inclusivity, conventional ideals still loom large. Siera Bearchell, Miss Universe Canada 2016, faced backlash for her curvier figure—yet defied expectations with strength:

When asked how it felt being “larger than the other delegates,” she simply said, “It feels great.”

4. Excessive Pressure on Candidates

Pageantry demands perfection in every moment—onstage and off. Mistakes become magnified, and authenticity is often sacrificed for flawless performance. While no specific quote addresses this directly, the pressure to maintain composure in all aspects is undeniable.

5. Politics and Favoritism

Allegations of rigged results undermine trust in the system. Sheena Monnin, Miss Pennsylvania USA 2012, resigned after publicly alleging the pageant was “rigged.” Her departure tragically escalated into legal threats—not because of dishonor, but due to the truth spoken against favoritism.  R'Bonney Gabriel did not have a great reign as Miss USA and Miss Universe for being tagged as winning in a rigged way,  her reign was not met with acceptance but full of negativity

6. Shaming of Backgrounds

Pageantry claims to celebrate diversity, yet contestants are often judged differently based on origin. Many from modest backgrounds are labeled “unpolished,” while wealthier contestants are branded “undeserving”—negating individual journeys and merit. Mutya Johanna Datul, a simple girl from Isabela, was mocked for her humble background. She was shamed for being “too simple,” for not fitting the glamorous stereotype of a beauty queen. Yet Mutya never wavered. With faith, determination, and authenticity, she defied expectations and became the first Filipina and Asian Miss Supranational in 2013, bringing honor to the country and proving that greatness knows no social class. 
“They bashed her roots, questioned her loyalty, and mocked her journey — but Anna Lakrini answered with a crown as Miss Supranational 1st Runner-Up.”

7. Cancel Culture

Past missteps are resurfaced and weaponized—not forgiven. Growth and reflection are often discarded in favor of permanent condemnation.
 Newly crowned Miss Grand Philippines 2025 is the focus of bullying for being a DDS which has nothing to do with her pageant journey but being highlighted by some fans, maybe of those who did not clinch the title.

Harnaaz Sandhu (Miss Universe 2021 – India, After winning, she was body-shamed online for gaining weight, with trolls saying she didn’t deserve her crown anymore. She bravely spoke out, saying she was dealing with health issues (celiac disease), and reminded people that queens are human too.

Zozibini Tunzi (Miss Universe 2019 – South Africa, At first, she was criticized for her short natural hair, with some claiming she didn’t “look like a Miss Universe.”. She turned the narrative around by using her reign to champion natural beauty and diversity.

 Maxine Medina (Miss Universe Philippines 2016, She was heavily bashed for her English communication skills during Miss Universe 2016. Many netizens mocked her instead of supporting her, even though she still placed in the Top 6.

Ariadna Gutiérrez (Miss Colombia 2015), Infamously crowned by mistake before the crown was given to Pia Wurtzbach. She was subjected to global bashing, with some unfairly blaming her for the error.

Angela Ponce (Miss Universe Spain 2018, As the first openly transgender Miss Universe contestant, she was both celebrated and heavily bashed online. She faced hate campaigns questioning her identity, but she stood firm and became a symbol of inclusion.

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Voices of Resilience

• Rachel Gupta, Miss Grand International 2024, publicly renounced her title, speaking out about harassment, manipulation, neglect, and body-shaming she endured from the organization. Tearfully, she said:

  “I was constantly harassed, manipulated, ignored and left to fend for myself… It made me feel so small and so bad.”

• Rabiya Mateo, Miss Universe Philippines 2020, condemned the cyberbullying of fellow candidates, especially those facing racial and body-shaming:

  “I do not tolerate bullying in all forms and in all ways… It’s been really toxic.”
  She added that Pia Wurtzbach’s advice helped her navigate the toxicity:
  “Don’t open your social media. Focus and protect your inner peace.” 

• Michelle Dee, Miss Universe Philippines 2023, affirmed her stance on the responsibility of titleholders:

  “I do not tolerate cyberbullying or hate speech of any kind.” 

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Reclaiming Pageantry’s Promise

Pageants should uplift voices, celebrate diversity, and empower growth. The toxicity they now harbor—from cyberbullying and favoritism to unrealistic standards and cancel culture—threatens to degrade the very essence of empowerment they claim to represent.

Real change requires action:

• Fans must choose empathy over attack.

• Organizations must uphold accountability and fair treatment.

• Media must spotlight substance over spectacle.

When voices like Catriona Gray’s remind us to “pull up” rather than pull down, and when Michelle Dee stands firm against cyberbullying, the path to redemption remains clear.

A crown should represent not survival—but triumph through dignity, resilience, and humanity.

 

Pageantry: From Celebration to a Hub of Bullying

Pageantry has always been more than just beauty and stage presence. For decades, it symbolized empowerment, culture, and community pride. Supporters rallied behind their favorite candidates, not just for looks but for the values and advocacies they carried. It was once a space of celebration—where applause was louder than criticism.

But in the age of social media, something has shifted. What was once a joyful spectacle is now increasingly becoming a hub of bashers, trolls, and toxic competition. The conversation around pageantry has been overshadowed by harsh words, cyberbullying, and division among fans.

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The Decline of Respect in the Pageant Community

At its heart, pageantry is supposed to embody grace, sportsmanship, and empowerment. Yet, the rise of online discourse shows a different picture. Candidates are now subjected to brutal judgment—every gesture, outfit, or answer scrutinized to the point of ridicule.

Respect, once the cornerstone of pageant culture, is slowly being eroded. Instead of supporting and uplifting candidates, some communities engage in tearing them down.

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Toxic Fandom Culture

Fandom is meant to unite, but in pageantry, it is increasingly dividing. Supporters become so invested in their candidate that they attack others. The idea of “support” has been warped: it is no longer about cheering for one’s favorite but about discrediting rivals.

This toxic loyalty transforms pageantry from a celebration of diversity into a warzone of personal biases. The beauty of healthy competition—where every candidate is acknowledged for their strengths—is overshadowed by hate and comparison.

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The Weight of Unrealistic Standards

Pageants are known for high expectations: physical beauty, eloquence, intelligence, and advocacy. But these standards have now become weapons for criticism. A slight flaw, a minor slip in Q&A, or even a personal choice becomes ammunition for bashers.

Instead of appreciating the hard work and sacrifices of candidates and their teams, critics demand perfection. This environment suffocates authenticity, leaving contestants pressured to meet impossible expectations.

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The Consequences for the Pageant World

This toxic environment has far-reaching consequences:

• Candidates lose confidence. Instead of empowerment, they feel discouraged and devalued.

• Genuine supporters are silenced. Those who only want to celebrate positivity withdraw to avoid conflict.

• The pageant’s image suffers. Instead of being remembered for beauty and empowerment, it becomes associated with division and negativity.

If left unchecked, pageantry risks losing its meaning. Instead of being a platform of empowerment, it becomes a showcase of hostility.

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Reclaiming the Spirit of Pageantry

The pageant community faces a choice:

• Will it continue down a path of toxicity and bullying?

• Or will it return to its roots—respect, empowerment, and celebration?

Fans, organizers, and candidates alike must reflect on their role in shaping this culture. Healthy competition does not require disrespect. Passionate support does not require hostility. And constructive criticism is possible without cruelty.

Pageantry should not be a battlefield where supporters tear each other down. It should remain a stage where diversity, advocacy, and talent shine. To reclaim its essence, the community must rise above toxicity and return to the values that made pageantry meaningful in the first place—respect, inclusivity, and celebration of beauty with a purpose.

 Blockchain the Budget Bill (SBN 1330): A New Chapter in Governance

This proposed measure, authored by Sen. Bam Aquino, seeks to use blockchain technology to make the utilization of the national budget more transparent, efficient, and accountable.

Positive Effects

Radical Transparency

The public will be able to see exactly where every tax peso goes — from the national budget to contracts and projects. No more hiding, no more loopholes.

Stronger Accountability

Officials can no longer deny where funds were spent since everything is recorded in the blockchain ledger and can be easily audited by citizens, the media, and civil society.

More Efficient Budget Execution

Ghost projects, duplication, and overpricing will be reduced. Fund disbursement can also be expedited through smart contracts.

Restored Public Trust

Public confidence in government will increase once people can see the real flow of funds.

A Weapon Against Corruption

Under-the-table deals will be harder to pull off since all transactions are transparent and accessible to the public.

Challenges Ahead

High Implementation Cost – Developing and running a nationwide blockchain system will be expensive.

Technological Divide – Not all Filipinos have access or the knowledge to use it, potentially limiting it to the tech-savvy sector.

Data Privacy Concerns – There must be a balance between transparency and the protection of sensitive information.

Resistance from Within – Politicians and officials who benefit from “gray areas” may oppose or slow down implementation.

Cybersecurity Risks – While blockchain is secure, entry points such as devices and data input remain vulnerable.

In Summary

If implemented properly, this could be a game-changer against corruption, bringing more effective, open, and people-centered governance.

But if not, it risks becoming just an expensive showcase project that ordinary citizens cannot benefit from.